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Peer mentoring is a form of mentorship that usually takes place between a person who has lived through a specific experience (peer mentor) and a person who is new to that experience (the peer mentee). An example would be an experienced student being a peer mentor to a new student, the peer mentee, in a particular subject, or in a new school. Peer mentors are also used for health and lifestyle changes. For example, clients, or patients, with support from peers, may have one-on-one sessions that meet regularly to help them recover or rehabilitate. Peer mentoring provides individuals who have suffered from a specific life experience the chance to learn from those who have recovered, or rehabilitated, following such an experience. Peer mentors provide education, recreation and support opportunities to individuals. The peer mentor may challenge the mentee with new ideas, and encourage the mentee to move beyond the things that are most comfortable. Most peer mentors are picked for their sensibility, confidence, social skills and reliability. Critics〔Jacobi, Maryann. ("Mentoring and undergraduate academic success: A literature review." ''Review of Educational Research,'' 1991; 61:505-532. )〕 of peer mentoring insist that little is known of the nature of peer mentoring relationships and that there are few consistent studies indicating the outcomes of peer mentoring beyond good feelings among peers and the development of friendships. Peer mentoring led by senior students may discourage diversity and prevent critical analysis of the higher education system. ==Program design characteristics== The frequency with which peer mentors and mentees meet varies according to the particular mentoring program. Some pairs may make contact once a month, while others may meet 3-4 times per month or more. It is usually advised that mentors and mentees meet more often in the beginning of the relationship in order to establish a good foundation. Mentors and mentees may maintain contact through email, telephone or in-person meetings. Peer mentoring organizations may also set up social events for those participating in the program. These events provide good opportunities for increased social interaction between mentors and mentees. The compatibility of mentor and mentee is a factor that should be taken into consideration when choosing pairs. Mentors and mentees may benefit from having similar backgrounds, interests and life experiences.〔(Barry Bozeman Mary K. Feeney, "Mentor Matching A "Goodness of Fit" Model," ''Administration & Society,'' Volume 40 Number 5, September 2008; pp. 465-482. )〕 Age, gender, ethnicity, language preferences, and education may be taken into consideration when pairing mentors with mentees.〔(Steve Grbac, "How to implement a ‘Peer Support’ program in a P-6 School," Scotch College Junior School, Melbourne Australia, June 2008. )〕〔(Sosik JJ, Godshalk VM. "The Role of Gender in Mentoring: Implications for Diversified and Homogenous Mentoring Relationships." ''Journal of Vocational Behavior'' 2000;57(1):102-122. )〕 The quality of the peer mentoring relationship is important for mentees to experience positive results. A mentor relationship is more successful when the mentor cares for the whole person and not just the academic or career side of a person. Successful mentors tend to be available, knowledgeable, educated in diversity issues, empathic, personable, encouraging, supportive, and passionate.〔 Although this is not an exhaustive list of qualities, they have been shown to be important for successful mentoring relationships.〔 It is important to keep qualities like this in mind when recruiting and training mentors. The objectives of a peer mentoring program should be well-defined and measurable. The effectiveness of the program should be monitored to ensure that the objectives are being met. One way to monitor the effectiveness of a program is to administer evaluations to the mentors and mentees.〔Murray, M. (1991). ''Beyond the myths and the magic of mentoring: How to facilitate an effective mentoring program.'' San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「peer mentoring」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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